Efficiency Measurement of Solar PV Panels

Abstract

With increasing awareness and technology developments, we strive to achieve a greener approach to energy production. Solar panels that use PV cells are popular for converting solar power into electricity. One of the problems in using PV cells to extract energy from sunlight is the temperature effect on PV cells. As the solar panel is heated, the conversion efficiency of light to electrical energy is diminished. Because solar panels can be expensive, it is important to be able to extract as much energy as possible. In this study, we propose and explore cooling methods for the panel in order to achieve optimum efficiency. First, the panel characteristics are drawn experimentally, and then a numerical model of cooling is developed. The cooling of a photovoltaic panel via fins and a duct attached to the rear surface of the panel is investigated. Forced convection through the duct is assumed. This numerical model allows study of the effects of varying fin parameters on panel characteristics and potential useful heat output. Electrical output is found to vary weakly with fin material and thickness, fin length and air velocity in the duct. The model suggests a maximum value of solar concentration for a given air velocity in the duct. Future investigation of the airflow and velocity fluctuation field should be carried out by means of indoor measurements.