Assessment of Potato Starch-Polyethylene Composites Biodegradability Caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Soil Burial
Abstract
Plastics are a vital portion of modern life that is used in our everyday lives such as food packaging, construction ingredients, insulating, and many more. Plastic is a synthetic or semi-synthetic ingredient that does not rust in the natural ambiance. Worldwide plastic production is more than 78 million tons per year and about half of it is dumped in a short period, leaving behind decades of waste and landfill (more than 30 years). Plastic shopping bags are made from low-density polythene (LDPE) which reasons ecological difficulties as most of the plastic ingredient is stored in waste and underground for a long time. The key shortcoming is that they are not ecological, and attempts have been made to accelerate biodegradation. A material that must be decayed, developing for any reason, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as being buried in the ground is interesting enough to reveal. In this article, potato starch (PS) was physically mixed with LDPE matrix by melt compound technique and then injection molded to form PS/LDPE composite sheet. The effect of PS content and chemical treatment using sodium tripolyphosphate (STP) with additives on the properties of composites were studied. Mechanical test results show that the loss of tensile strength and elongation at break of untreated and treated composites increased as the PS content increased. Exposure to PS/LDPE composites in Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as soil environments were implemented to analyze the biodegradability of composite. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the soil environment have lost weight and lost tensile properties due to an increase in PS and exposure time, respectively. Treated PS composites also exhibit less degradation than untreated PS/LDPE composites.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
I. Kyrikou and D. Briassoulis, Biodegradation of agricultural plastic films: a critical review, Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 15(2), 125-150 (2007).
S. Olivera, H.B. Muralidhara, K. Venkatesh, V.K. Guna, K. Gopalakrishna and Y. Kumar, Potential applications of cellulose and chitosan nanoparticles/composites in wastewater treatment: a review, Carbohydrate Polymers. 153, 600-618 (2016).
M. Sajjadi, M. Nasrollahzadeh, and M.R. Tahsili, Catalytic and antimicrobial activities of magnetic nanoparticles supported N-heterocyclic palladium (II) complex: A magnetically recyclable catalyst for the treatment of environmental contaminants in aqueous media, Separation and Purification Technology. 227, 115716 (2019).
Y. Yusof and M. Kadir, Electrochemical characterizations and the effect of glycerol in biopolymer electrolytes based on the methylcellulose-potato starch blend, Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 627(1), 220-233 (2016).
Z.X. Ooi, H. Ismail, A.A. Bakar, and N.A.A. Aziz, Properties of the crosslinked plasticized biodegradable poly (vinyl alcohol)/rambutan skin waste flour blends, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 125(2), 1127-1135 (2012).
H.U. Zaman and M.D.H. Beg, Effect of Filler Starches on Mechanical, Thermal and Degradation Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Composites, Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 11(2), 26-36 (2021).
H.U. Zaman and M.D.H. Beg, Study on binary low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/thermoplastic sago starch (TPS) blend composites, Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 11(1), 53-65 (2021).
R.P. Babu, K. O'connor and R. Seeram, Current progress on bio-based polymers and their future trends, Progress in Biomaterials. 2(1), 1-16 (2013).
H. Zobel, Molecules to granules: A comprehensive starch review, Starch‐Stärke. 40(2), 44-50 (1988).
R.A. de Graaf, A.P. Karman and L.P. Janssen, Material properties and glass transition temperatures of different thermoplastic starches after extrusion processing, Starch‐Stärke. 55(2), 80-86 (2003).
M.A. Khan, R.A. Khan, Haydaruzzaman, S. Ghoshal, M. Siddiky and M. Saha, Study on the physicomechanical properties of starch-treated jute yarn-reinforced polypropylene composites: effect of gamma radiation, Polymer-Plastics Technology, and Engineering. 48(5), 542-548 (2009).
H.U. Zaman, M.A. Khan and R.A. Khan, Physico-mechanical and degradation properties of banana fiber/LDPE composites: effect of acrylic monomer and starch, Composite Interfaces. 18(8), 685-700 (2011).
C. Zhang, S.-T. Lim and H.-J. Chung, Physical modification of potato starch using mild heating and freezing with the minor addition of gums, Food Hydrocolloids. 94, 294-303 (2019).
K. Alvani, X. Qi, R.F. Tester, and C.E. Snape, Physico-chemical properties of potato starches, Food Chemistry. 125(3), 958-965 (2011).
M. Wootton and A. Bamunuarachchi, Water binding capacity of commercial produced native and modified starches, Starch‐Stärke. 30(9), 306-309 (1978).
J. Wang, H. Zhu, S. Li, S. Wang, S. Wang and L. Copeland, Insights into structure and function of high pressure-modified starches with different crystalline polymorphs, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 102, 414-424 (2017).
L.Q.a.C.S.W.S.m.a.a.F.C.C. Xie S X, Physical Properties, and Application ed S W Cui (Boca Raton: CRC Press) chapter 8 pp. 357-390 (2005).
S. Lim and P. Seib, Preparation and pasting properties of wheat and corn starch phosphates, Cereal Chemistry. 70, 137-137 (1993).
L. Passauer, H. Bender and S. Fischer, Synthesis and characterization of starch phosphates, Carbohydrate Polymers. 82(3), 809-814 (2010).
J. Stahl, L. Lobato, V. Bochi, E. Kubota, L. Gutkoski and T. Emanuelli, Physicochemical properties of Pinhão (Araucaria Angustifolia, Bert, O. Ktze) starch phosphates, LWT-Food Science and Technology. 40(7), 1206-1214 (2007).
A. Abed, N. Assoul, M. Ba, S.M. Derkaoui, P. Portes, L. Louedec, P. Flaud, I. Bataille, D. Letourneur and A. Meddahi‐Pellé, Influence of polysaccharide composition on the biocompatibility of pullulan/dextran‐based hydrogels, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A. 96(3), 535-542 (2011).
F.M. Carbinatto, A.D. de Castro, B.S. Cury, A. Magalhães and R.C. Evangelista, Physical properties of pectin–high amylose starch mixtures cross-linked with sodium trimetaphosphate, International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 423(2), 281-288 (2012).
A. Racksanti, S. Janhom, S. Punyanitya, R. Watanesk, and S. Watanesk, An approach for preparing an absorbable porous film of silk fibroin–rice starch modified with trisodium trimetaphosphate, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 132(8), (2015).
A. Racksanti, S. Janhom, S. Punyanitya, R. Watanesk and S. Watanesk, editors. Crosslinking Density of Silk Fibroin–Rice Starch Hydrogels Modified with Trisodium Trimetaphosphate. Applied Mechanics and Materials; 2014: Trans Tech Publ.
R. Chandra and R. Rustgi, Biodegradable polymers, Progress in Polymer Science. 23(7), 1273-1335 (1998).
H.U. Zaman and M.D.H. Beg, Biodegradable Composites Manufactured from Low-Density Polyethylene and Thermoplastic Sago Starch: Preparation and Characterization, Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 11(2), 42-49 (2021).
R. Chandra and R. Rustgi, Biodegradation of maleated linear low-density polyethylene and starch blends, Polymer Degradation and Stability. 56(2), 185-202 (1997).
W.-J. Lee, Y.-N. Youn, Y.-H. Yun and S.-D. Yoon, Physical properties of chemically modified starch (RS4)/PVA blend films-part 1, Journal of Polymers and the Environment. 15(1), 35-42 (2007).
H. Obasi, Studies on biodegradability and mechanical properties of high-density polyethylene/corncob flour-based composites, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research. 3(8), 259-272 (2012).
F. Febrianto, D. Setyawati, M. Karina, E.S. Bakar and Y.S. Hadi, Influence of wood flour and modifier contents on the physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-recycle polypropylene composites, Journal of Biological Sciences. 6(2), 337-343 (2006).
Y.J. Wang, W. Liu, and Z. Sun, Effects of glycerol and PE‐g‐MA on morphology, thermal and tensile properties of LDPE and rice starch blends, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 92(1), 344-350 (2004).
R. Gattin, A. Copinet, C. Bertrand and Y. Couturier, Biodegradation study of a coextruded starch and poly (lactic acid) material in various media, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 88(3), 825-831 (2003).
P. Agamuthu and P.N. Faizura, Biodegradability of degradable plastic waste, Waste Management & Research. 23(2), 95-100 (2005).
J. Miltz and M. Narkis, The effect of ultraviolet radiation on chemically crosslinked low‐density polyethylene, Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 20(6), 1627-1633 (1976).
I. Danjaji, R. Nawang, U. Ishiaku, H. Ismail and Z.M. Ishak, Degradation studies and moisture uptake of sago-starch-filled linear low-density polyethylene composites, Polymer Testing. 21(1), 75-81 (2002).
Orhan Y, Hrenović J, Büyükgüngör H, Biodegradation of plastic compost bags under controlled soil conditions, Acta Chimica Slovenica. 51, 579-588 (2004).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/etce.v10i3.7610
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.