Biocatalytic Process by Biodiesel Production to the help of Environment

Abstract

The synthesis of fatty acid esters using vegetable oils seems to be a crucial process that yields good diesel fuel substitutes and useful oleochemical intermediates. Biodiesel is made from fatty acid methyl esters, which are a mixture of mono-alkyl esters produced from vegetable oils including sunflower oil, soyabean oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, cotton seed oil, and animal fats like pig fats and lard. Biodiesel can also be made from other materials including used olive oil, algae, and greases. Because biodiesel is a biodegradable, renewable, non-toxic, environmentally beneficial, and socially responsible fuel, it has gotten a lot of attention in the last two decades. Some of the ways for manufacturing biodiesel include direct usage or mixing, microemulsion, thermally pyrolysis, and transesterification acid-catalyzed operations, base-catalyzed processes, lipase-catalyzed techniques, non-ionic base-catalyzed procedures, and heterogeneously catalysed processes. The alkali catalysed technique, which uses an alkali catalyst (often NaOH, KOH, or sodium methoxide) to convert triglycerides to methyl esters inside a short reaction time and at high rates, has been widely adopted in industry. Despite these benefits, the chemical transesterification method has certain drawbacks, such as the necessity to remove the catalyst and salt from the biodiesel phase, the difficulty of reusing glycerol, and their energy-intensive nature, which has led to the development of alternative procedures. The emphasis will be on enzymatic biodiesel production from a range of vegetable oils. Candida antarctica lipase A and Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase were immobilised on a reduced medium of cotton fabric.