Nitrogen Fertilizer Rates and Spacing on Yield Components of Pepper Capsicum annum L. at Bure District, North Western Ethiopia
Abstract
Hot pepper is an important spice and vegetable crop in Ethiopia, but its productivity is low due to poor agronomic practices including inappropriate nutrient supply and poor inter-row spacing management. The experiment was carried out in the field in the year 2019/20 to know the effect of the rates of N fertilizer and spacing on the yield-attributed factors of pepper. The experiment consisted of factorial combinations on four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rate (38, 76, 114, and 152 kg Nha-1) and three levels of intra-row spacing (20, 30, and 40 cm). About 12 treatments were examined at three replications of the Randomized Complete Block Design. Data on phenological and growth parameters, yield and yield components, and partial budget analysis were collected and analyzed using Statistical Analysis System (SAS) 9.3 version. The result showed that the main and interaction effects of nitrogen and intra-row spacing had a significant effect on fruit dry matter, total and marketable fresh yield, total dry yield, marketable dry yield, and non-marketable dry yield. The highest plant height (63.93 cm), number of branches per plant (23.26), fruit size (11.19 cm), fresh red fruit weight (12.81 g/fruit), dry red fruit weight (1.71 g/fruit), and dry matter content (17.72%) were recorded from 114 kg N ha-1 with 30 cm inter-row spacing. The highest economic benefit of 139,667 ETB ha-1 with acceptable MRR 4728% was achieved at 114 kg N ha-1 and 30 cm intra-row spacing. Therefore, 30 cm intra-row spacing with 114 kg N ha-1 could be recommended for hot pepper production in the Burie district.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Hill TA, Ashrafi H, Reyes-Chin-Wo S, Yao J, Stoffel K, Truco MJ, et al. Characterization of Capsicum annuum genetic diversity and population structure based on parallel polymorphism discovery with a 30K unigene Pepper GeneChip. PLOS ONE. 2013;8(2):e56200. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056200.
Berhanu Yadeta DB, Gebresillase W, Marame F. Variability, heritability and genetic advance in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes in west Shoa, Ethiopia. Am Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci. 2011;10(4):587–92.
Demers DA, Gosselin A. Growing greenhouse tomato and sweet pepper under supplemental lighting: optimal photoperiod, negative effects of long photoperiod and their causes. Acta Hortic. 2002;(580):83–8. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2002.580.9.
MoARD (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development). Variety register. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2009.
EIAR (Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research). Technology guidelines for different crops. Amharic version Addis Ababa. Ethiopia; 2007. p. 121–4.
Obidiebub EA, Eruotor PG, Akparobi SO, Emosaariue SO, Achebe UA, Kator PE. Response of four cultivars of pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) to different levels of N, P and K fertilizer in rainforest Agro-ecological zone. Int J Agric Sci. 2012;2(12): 1143–50.
Alehegn Y. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Hardening Seedlings on Fruit Yield and Yield Related Traits of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annum L.) at Agarfa, South Eastern Ethiopia. [Thesis] School of Plant Sciences. Post Grad Program Dir Haramaya Univ. 2017: 36–42.
Mavengahama S, Ogunlela VB, Mariga IK. Response of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to different basal fertilizers application. J Afr Crop Sci Soc. 2003;6: 9–13.
Robi R, Sreelathakumary I. Influence of maturity at harvest on capsaicin and ascorbic acid content in hot chili (Capsicum chinense Jacq.). Capsicum and Eggplant. Newsletter. 2004;23:13–6.
CSA (Central Statistical Agency). Report on area and production of major crops. Vol. 1. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; 2017/2018.
Delelegn S. Evaluation of Elite Hot Pepper Varieties (Capsicum sp.) for growth, dry fruit Yield, and Quality under Jimma condition, South [M.Sc. thesis] submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Jimma University. Ethiopia: West. Ethiopia. p. 38–9; 2011.
Tumbare AD, Niikam DR. Effect of planting and fertigation on growth and yield of green chili (Capsicum annuum L.). Indian J Agric Sci. 2004;74:242–5.
Shimeles A, Bekele A, Dagne W, Adeferis W. Genetic variability and association of characters in Ethiopian hot pepper (Capsicum annum L.) landraces. J Agric Sci. 2016;61:19–36.
Alabi EO, Ayodele OJ, Aluko M. Growth and yield responses of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum (Rodo) variety) in-row plant spacing. J Agric Biol Sci. 2014;9(11):389–97.
BoA (Bureau of Agriculture), Amhara national regional state. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; 2008/2009. Annual performance report. p. 64–78.
Tittonell P, Corbeels M, Wijk MT, Vanlauwe B, Giller KE. Combining Organic and Mineral Fertilizers for Integrated Soil Fertility Management in Smallholder Farming Systems of Kenya: Explorations Using the Crop-Soil Model FIELD. Agron J. 2008;100(5):1511–26. doi: 10.2134/agronj2007.0355.
Mandefro N, Anteneh G, Chimdo A, Abebe K. Improved technologies and resource management for Ethiopian Agriculture. A training manual. RCBP-MoARD. Ethiopia: Addis Ababa; 2009. p. 319.
Simon T, Tesfaye B. Growth and productivity of hot pepper as affected by variety, nitrogen and phosphorus at Jinka, Southern Ethiopia. Res J of Agriculture and Environmental Management. 2014;3(9):427–33.
Mebratu A, Dechassa N, Mulualem T, Weldetsadik K. Effect of inorganic fertilizers on yield and physical quality parameters of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in South-Eastern Ethiopia. J Plant Pest Sci. 2014;1:138–45.
Negera N. Response of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) to mulching and plant spacing at Bako [M.Sc. thesis] Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University. Ethiopia: West Shoa Zone. Ethiopia. p. 54–9; 2014.
Amare T, Nigussie D, Kebede W. Performance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum) varieties as influenced by nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers at Bure, Upper Watershed of the Blue Nile in Northwestern Ethiopia. Int J Agric Sci. 2013;3(8):599–608.
CIMMYT (Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maize y Trigo). 1988. From agronomic data to farmer recommendations: an economics training manual. Completely. rev ed. Mexico. D.F.
Bhuvaneswari R, Sivaranjani S, Reetha K, Ramakrishan. Application of nitrogen fertilizer on plant density, growth, yield and fruit of bell peppers (Capsicum annuum L.). Annamalai University, 608 002. Tamil Nadu, India; 2014.
Bosland PW, Votava EJ. Pepper: vegetable and spice Capsicum. New York: CABI publishing; 2000. p. 1–16.
Ocharo N, Edgar JP, Gweyi-Onyango N, K, Korir. Plant row spacing effect on growth and yield of green pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, P.O. Box 43844–00100, Nairobi. Kenya; 2017.
Beyene T, David P. Ensuring small scale producers in Ethiopia to achieve sustainable and fair access to pepper market. Uganda. J Agric. 2007;3(2):113–9.
Adugna Z. Effects of Seed Priming, Planting Method and Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Fresh hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Northwest Ethiopia [M.Sc. thesis] submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of Haramaya University. Ethiopia. p. 42–5; 2008.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.