A Comprehensive Review on Ethnomedicinal Uses of Fishes in Asia

Abstract

In Asia, fish hold a multifaceted role as crucial dietary and economic resources, cultural symbols, and traditional ethnomedicinal remedies. With over 4,000 known freshwater and marine fish species in Asian waters, these aquatic creatures feature prominently in the region's diverse ethnomedical traditions. The continent's numerous ethnic groups, each with unique indigenous medical practices, often rely on traditional ethnomedicine due to limited access to modern allopathic healthcare. The paper delves into the ethnomedicinal uses of fish across Asia, shedding light on their cultural significance. In India, more than 200 fish species are recognized for treating a spectrum of ailments, from arthritis and asthma to dementia and skin issues. Similarly, Southeast Asia documents the use of over 200 fish species for remedies in countries like Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia, encompassing treatments for fever, wounds, bone fractures, and digestive issues. The discussion underscores the broader role of fish, not just as dietary or economic assets, but as ethnomedicines with ethnospiritual importance. The review spans diverse regions, including East Asia and rural Nepali and Himalayan communities, revealing a reliance on fish-based medicine for conditions such as eye ailments, fever, kidney stones, and fractures. The urgency of documenting and researching this ethnoichthyological knowledge is highlighted, emphasizing its link to cultural heritage and the potential pharmacological insights it may offer. The rich diversity of Asian ethnicities contributes to substantial traditional wisdom regarding fish-based therapeutics.