Assessment of Fire Safety Measures in Multi-functional High-rise Structures for Enhanced Fire Protection

Abstract

The complex nature of multiple-use high-rise buildings poses significant challenges for ensuring fire protection, given their functional diversity, intricate design, and substantial economic value. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the physical fire protection systems installed in fourteen randomly chosen commercial high-rise buildings located in Indore. The primary focus is on optimizing these systems within the framework of industrial safety engineering principles. Various methods were employed, including physical inspections, document analysis, and interviews. A multi-criteria evaluation model was utilized to assess the adequacy and suitability of fire protection systems in accordance with national regulations and industry standards. Findings reveal that while certain fire protection measures, such as facilities for the disabled and firefighting/evacuation lifts, are generally present, other systems exhibit shortcomings primarily due to inadequate maintenance or inappropriate elements, compromising their safety efficacy. Portable fire extinguishers demonstrated the highest performance, with 77.57% of buildings meeting sufficiency and suitability criteria in terms of quantity, placement, and maintenance. Conversely, only a small percentage of buildings had sufficiently installed sprinkler systems, often due to coverage and maintenance deficiencies, likely influenced by cost considerations. The performance ratings for various systems were as follows: Fire detection and alarm systems were rated at 14.29%; escape routes achieved a rating of 50%; emergency lighting systems scored 64.29%; smoke control systems attained a rating of 50.00%; compartmentation received a rating of 64.29%; and riser mains, hose reels, and hydrants were rated at 64.29%.Fire brigade access and facilities (64.29%); Safety signs and notices (7.14%); Portable fire extinguishers and fire assembly points (28.57%). Based on these findings, it is recommended to enhance inspection and maintenance efforts to address identified deficiencies throughout the lifespan of the projects. Additionally, the inclusion of firefighting/evacuation lifts and facilities for disabled individuals should be prioritized during the design phase of commercial high-rise buildings to ensure comprehensive industrial safety engineering standards are met.