EBG Technology and Applications; A Review
Abstract
This present paper concentrates on applications of Electromagnetic band gap (EBG) technology that is operating at microwave and sub mm wave frequencies. Some of examples of Electromagnetic band gap configurations in the region of microwave are shown, that includes array antennas, high precision GPS, mobile telephony, wearable antennas and diplexing antennas. A 500 GHz dipole configuration and a novel heterodyne mixer are shown as examples for sub millimeter wave region. Some emphasis is also placed on EBG waveguides, high impedance planes (AMCs), resonators and filters. As most fundamental components would be available in EBG technology, a fully integrated receiver could be developed in order to take full advantage of this technology. The passive and active component integration with EBG technology is now begun to materialize.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
E. Yablonovitch. Inhibited Spontaneous Emission in Solid State Physics and Electronics. Phy. Rev. Letters. 1987; 58: 2059–2062p.
A.A. Oliner. Periodic Structures and Photonic Band-Gap Terminology: Historical Perspectives. 29th European Microwave Conference, Munich, Germany. Oct 1999; 3: 295–298p.
J. Arriaga, A.J. Ward, J.B. Pendry. Order-N Photonic Band Structures for Metals and Other Dispersive Materials. Phys. Rev. B59. 1999; 1874–1877p.
Gyeong-il Kweon, N. M. Lawandy. Quantum Electrodynamics in Photonic Crystals. Opt Commun. 15 Jul 1995; 388–411p.
H.S. Sozuer, J.W. Haus. Photonic Bands: Convergence Problems with the Plane-Wave Method. Phys Rev B. 15 Jun 1992; 45(24): 13962–13972p.
N. Stefanou, V. Karathanos, A. Modinos. Scattering of Electromagnetic Waves by Periodic Structures. J. Phys. Condens. Matter. 1992; 4: 7389–7400p.
P.M. Bell, J.B. Pendry, L. Martin Moreno, et al. A Program for Calculating Photonic Band Structures and Transmission Coefficients of Complex Structures. Comput. Phys. Commun. 1995; 85: 307–322p.
Fan Yang, Y. Rahmat-Samii. Microstrip Antennas Integrated with Electromagnetic Band-Gap (EBG) Structures: A Low Mutual Coupling Design for Array Applications. IEEE Trans. Ant. & Prop. Oct 2003; 51: 2936–2946p.
N. Farahat, R. Mittra. Analysis of Frequency Selective Surfaces Using the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) Method. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. 16–21 Jun 2002; 2: 568–571p.
H. Mosallaei, Y. Rahmat-Samii. Grand Challenges in Analyzing EM Band-Gap Structures: an FDTD/Prony Technique Based on the Split-Field Approach. Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, IEEE. 8–13 Jul 2001; 2: 47–50p.
J.A. Roden, S.D. Gedney, M.P. Kesler, et al. Time-Domain Analysis of Periodic Structures at Oblique Incidence: Orthogonal and Nonorthogonal FDTD Implementations. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Apr 1998; 46: 420–427p.
S. Sudhakaran, Y. Hao, C.G. Parini. An Enhanced Prediction of Negative Refraction from EBG-Like Structures. Microw Opt Technol Lett. To appear May 20, 2004.
A.L Reynolds, J.M. Arnold. Interleaving Two-Dimensional Lattices to Create Three-Dimensional Photonic Bandgap Structures. IEE Proc. Optoelectronics. Dec 1998; 145: 436–440p.
R. Gonzalo, P. de Maagt, M. Sorolla. Enhanced Patch Antenna Performance by Suppressing Surface Waves Using Photonic Band-Gap Structures. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Nov 1999; 47(11): 2131–2138p.
P.K. Kelly, L. Diaz, M. Piket-May, et al. Scan Blindness Mitigation Using Photonic Bandgap Structure in Phased Arrays. Proc. SPIE. Jul 1998; 3464: 239–248p.
R. Hurtado, W. Klimczak, W.E. McKinzie, et al. Artificial Magnetic Conductor Technology Reduces Weight and Size for Precision GPS Antennas. Navigational National Technical Meeting, San Diego, CA, Jan 28–30, 2002.
R. Remski. Modeling Photonic Bandgap (PBG) Structures Using Ansoft HFSS7 and Optimetrics. Ansoft International Roadshow (Lecture Series). Aug–Oct 2000; slide 36–40, copyright Ansoft Corporation.
R.F. Jimenez Broas, D.F. Sievenpiper, E. Yablonovitch. A High-Impedance Ground Plane Applied to Cellphone Handset Geometry. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Jul 2002; 49(7): 1262–1265p.
P. Salonen, M. Keskilammi, L. Sydanheimo. A Low-Cost 2.45 GHz Photonic Band-Gap Patch Antenna for Wearable Systems. Proc. 11th Int. Conference on Antennas and Propagation ICAP. Manchester, UK. 17–20 Apr 2001; 719–724p.
T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, R. Gonzalo, et al. Electromagnetic Crystals in Microstrip Technology. Opt Quant Electron. Jan/Mar 2002; 34(1/3): 279–295p.
F-R Yang, K-P Ma, Y. Qian, et al. A Novel TEM Waveguide Using Uniplanar Compact Photonic-Band Gap (UC-PBG Structure). IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Nov 1999; 47(11): 2092–2098p.
U. Peschel, A. Reynolds, B. Arredondo, et al. Transmission and Reflection Analysis of Functional Coupled Cavity Components. IEEE J Quant Electron. Special Issue: Photonic Crystal Structures and Applications. Jun 2002; 38(7): 830–837p.
R. Gonzalo, I. Ederra, C. Mann, et al. Radiation Properties of Terahertz Dipole Antenna Mounted on Photonic Crystal. Electron. Lett. May 10, 2001; 37(10): 613–614p.
M. M. Sigalas, R. Biswas, Q. Li, et al. Dipole Antennas on Photonic Band-Gap Crystals. Experiment and Simulation. Microw Opt Technol Lett. Jun 20, 1997; 15(3): 153–158p.
I. Ederra, J.J. Sanz, B. Martinez, et al. Slot Antenna Configuration Using PBG Technology. Proc. Jina, Nice, France. Nov 12–14, 2002; 2: 169–172p.
K. Agi, J. Malloy, E. Schamiloglu, et al. Integration of Microstrip Patch Antenna with a Two-dimensional Photonic Crystal Substrate. Electromagnetics. Special Issue: Theory and Applications of Photonic Band-Gap Materials. May–Jun 1999; 19(3): 277–290p.
J.S. Colburn, Y. Rahmat-Samii. Patch Antennas on Externally Perforated High Dielectric Constant Substrates. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Dec 1999; 47(12): 1785–1794p.
R. Coccioli, F. Yang, K. Ma, et al. Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna on UC-PBG Substrate. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Nov 1999; 47(11): 2123–2130p.
A.S. Andrenko, Y. Ikeda, O. Ishida. Application of PBG Microstrip Circuits for Enhancing the Performance of High-Density Substrate Patch Antennas. Microw Opt Technol Lett. Mar 2002; 32(5): 340–344p.
E. R. Brown, C.D. Parker, E. Yablonovith. Radiation Properties of a Planar Antenna on a Photonic-Crystal Substrate. Journal of Optic Soc. Am. B. Feb 1993; 10(2): 404–407p.
T.H. Liu, W.X. Zhang, M. Zhang. A Spiral Antenna Backed on Photonic Bandgap Material. Proc. ISAP on CD, Fukuoka, Japan. Aug 21–25, 2000.
J.M. Baracco, P. de Maagt. Radiating Element on a Photonic Bandgap Structure for Phased Array Applications. Proc. Jina, Nice, France. Nov 12–14, 2002; 2: 169–172p.
F. Yang, Y. Rahmat-Samii. A Low Profile Circularly Polarized Curl Antenna over an Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) Surface. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2001; 31(4): 264–267p.
M. Thevenot, C. Cheype, A. Reineix, et al. Directive Photonic-Bandgap Antennas. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Nov 1999; 47(11): 2115–2122p.
C. Cheype, C. Serier, M. Thevenot, et al. An Electromagnetic Bandgap Resonator Antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Sep 2002; 50(9): 1285–1290p.
B. Temelkuran, E. Ozbay, J-P.Kavanaugh, et al. Resonant Cavity Enhanced Detectors Embedded in Photonic Crystals. Appl Phys Lett. May 11, 1998; 72(19): 2376–2378p.
M. Thevenot, A. Reineix, B. Jecko. A Dielectric Photonic Parabolic Reflector. Microw Opt Technol Lett. Jun 20, 1999; 21(6): 411–414p.
Min Qiu, Sailing He. High-Directivity Patch Antenna with Both Photonic Bandgap Substrate and Photonic Cover. Microw Opt Technol Lett. Jul 5, 2001; 30(1): 41–44p.
R. Gonzalo, G. Nagore, I. Ederra, et al. Coupling Between Patch Antennas on Photonic Crystals. Proc. 24th ESTEC Antenna Workshop on Innovative Periodic Antennas: Photonic Bandgap, Fractal and Frequency Selective Structures. Noordwijk, the Netherlands. May, 30–Jun, 1, 2001; 17–22p.
S. Enoch, G. Tayeb, P. Sabouroux, et al. A Metamaterial for Directive Emission. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2002; 89: 213902p.
D. Sievenpiper, L. Zhang, R.F.J. Broas, et al. High-Impedance High-Impedance Electromagnetic Surfaces with a Forbidden Frequency Band. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Nov 1999; 47(11): 2059–2075p.
Y. R. Lee, A. Chauraya, D. S. Lockyer, et al. Dipole and Tripole Metallodielectric Photonic Bandgap (MPBG) Structures for Microwave Filter and Antenna Applications. IEE Proc. Optoelectron. Dec. 2000; 127(6): 395–400p.
F. Yang, Y. Rahmat-Samii. Reflection Phase Characterisations of the EBG Ground Plane for Low Profile Wire Antenna Applications. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Oct 2003; 51(10): 2691–2703p.
A. P. Feresidis, A. Chauraya, G. Goussetis, et al. Multiband Artificial Magnetic Conductor Surfaces. Proc. IEE Seminar on Metamaterials, for Microwave and (Sub) Millimetre Wave Applications. London, UK. Nov 24, 2003; 2/1–2/4.
C.R.Simovski, P.de Maagt, S.A.Tretyakov, et al. Angular Stabilization of the Resonant Frequency of Artificial Magnetic Conductors for TE-Incidence. Accepted for publication in Electronics Letters.
A. Monorchio, G. Manara, L. Lanuzza. Synthesis of Artificial Magnetic Conductors by Using Multilayered Frequency Selective Surfaces. IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett. 2002; 1: 196–199p.
S.A. Tretyakov, S.I. Maslovski. Thin Absorbing Structure for All Incidence Angles Based on the Use of a High Impedance Surfaces. Microw. Opt. Techn. Let. Aug 5, 2003; 38(3): 175–178p.
Y. Hao, C. Parini. Isolation Enhancement of PBG Microstrip Diplexer Patch Antenna. Proc. 11th Int. Conference on Antennas and Propagation ICAP. Manchester, UK. Apr 17–20, 2001; 86–89p.
J. C. Vardaxoglou, D.S. Lockyer, Y.L.R. Lee, et al. Photonic Bandgap and Bandpass Characteristics from Metallodielectric Periodic Array Structures. Proc. 24th ESTEC Antenna Workshop on Innovative Periodic Antennas: Photonic Bandgap, Fractal and Frequency Selective Structures, Noordwijk, The Netherlands. May 30–Jun 1, 2001; 213–217p.
J. C. Vardaxoglou, A. Chauraya, A. P. Feresidis, et al. Tunable Metallodielectric Electromagnetic Band Gap (MEBG) Structures with Defects. IEEE International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). Torino, Italy. Sep 2003; 667–670p.
M.J. Hill, R.W. Ziolkowski, J. Papapolymerou. A High-Reconfigurable Planar EBG Cavity Resonator. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. Jun 2001; 11(6): 255–257p.
B. Elamaran, I-M Chio, L-Y Chen, et al. A Beam-Steerer Using a Reconfigurable PBG Ground Plane. IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Jun 11–16, 2000.
L. Mercier, M. Thevenot, P. Blonby, et al. Design and Characterization of a Smart Periodic Material Including MEMS. Proc. 27th ESA Antenna Technology Workshop on Innovative Periodic Antennas: Electromagnetic Bandgap, Left-handed Materials, Fractal and Frequency Selective Surfaces, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Mar 9–11, 2004.
A. Delustrac, F. Gadot, E. Akmansoy, et al. High-Directivity Planar Antenna Using Controllable Photonic Bandgap Material at Microwave Frequencies. App. Phys. Lett. 2002; 78: 4196p.
R. Gonzalo, B. Martinez, C. Mann, et al. A Low Cost Fabrication Technique for Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Layer-by-Layer Photonic Crystals at Sub-Millimetre Wave Frequencies. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Oct 2002; 10(10): 2384–2393p.
I. Ederra, F. van de Water, A. Laisne, et al. EBG Millimetre Wave Components Design. 3rd ESA Workshop on Millimetre Wave Technology and Applications: Circuits, Systems, and Measurement Techniques. Espoo, Finland. May 21–23, 2003.
T. Drysdale, R. Blaikie, D. Cumming. Calculated and Measured Transmittance of a Tunable Metallic Photonic Crystal Filter for Terahertz Frequencies. App. Phys. Lett. Dec 29, 2003; 83(26): 5362–5364p.
S. Fan, P.R. Villeneuve, J.D. Joannopoulos, et al. Channel Drop Filters in Photonic Crystals. Optics Express. Apr 1998; 3(1): 4–11p.
A. Mekis, J.C. Chen, I. Kurland, et al. High Transmission through Sharp Bends in Photonic Crystal Waveguides. Phys. Rev. Lett. Oct 1996; 77(18): 3787–3790p.
A. Reynolds, U. Peschel, F. Lederer, et al. Coupled Defects in Photonic Crystals. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Oct 2001; 49(10): 1860–1867p.
M. Tani, P. Gu, K. Sakai, et al. THz Wave Generation by Difference Frequency Mixing in Photonic Crystal Cavity. Proc. 8th International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, Darmstadt, Germany. Sep 2000; 301–304, 28–29p.
Euler T., Papapolymerou J. Silicon Micromachined EBG Resonator and Two-Pole Filter with Improved Performance Characteristics. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. Sep 2003; 13(9): 373–375p.
Hsiuan-ju Hsu, Hill M.J., Ziolkowski R.W., et al. A Duroid-Based Planar EBG Cavity Resonator Filter with Improved Quality Factor. IEEE Antenn. Wireless Propag. Lett. 2002; 1(2): 67–70p.
William J. Chappell, Matthew P. Little, Linda P. B. Katehi. High Isolation, Planar Filters Using EBG Substrates. IEEE Microw. Wirel. Compon. Lett. Jun 2001; 11(6): 246–248p.
W. J. Chappell, Xun Gong. Wide Bandgap Composite EBG Substrates. Special Issue on Metamaterials. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat. Oct 2003; 51(10).
V. Radisic, Y. Qian, R. Coccioli, et al. Novel 2-D Photonic Bandgap Structure for Microstrip Lines. IEEE Microw Guided Wave Lett. Feb 1998; 8: 69–71p.
F.R. Yang, K.P. Ma, Y. Qian, et al. A Uniplanar Compact Photonic Bandgap (UC-PBG) Structure and Its Applications for Microwave Circuits. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Aug 1999; 47: 1509–1514p.
T. Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, J. Hernandez, et al. New Microstrip ‘Wiggly–Line’ Filters with Spurious Passband Suppression. IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Techn. Sep 2001; 49(9): 1593–1598p.
D. Nesic. A New Type of Slow-Wave 1-D PBG Microstrip Structure without Etching in the Ground Plane for Filter and Other Applications. Microw. Opt. Techn. Let. Jun 20, 2002; 33(6): 440–443p.
D. Nesic. A New Type of Slow-Wave 1D PBG Microstrip Band-Pass Filter. Microw. Opt. Techn. Let. May 5, 2003; 37(3): 201–203p.
S. Rogers, W. McKinzie, G. Mendolia. AMCs Comprised of Interdigital Capacitor FSS Layers Enable Lower Cost Applications. IEEE AP-S Int. Symp. Columbus, OH. Jun 21–27, 2003.
S. Tse, B. Sanz Izquierdo, J.C. Batchelor, et al. Reduced Sized Cells for Electromagnetic Band Gap Structures. Elec. Let. Nov 27, 2003; 39(24).
A.P. Feresidis, G. Apostolopoulos, N. Serfas, et al. Closely Coupled Metallodielectric Electromagnetic Band Gap (CCMEBG) Structures Formed By Double Layer Dipole and Tripole Arrays. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. Accepted for publication.
A. P. Feresidis, G. Apostolopoulos, J. C. Vardaxoglou. Miniaturised Metallodielectric EBG Structures. IEEE International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). Torino, Italy. Sep 2003; 671–674p.
G. Goussetis, A. P. Feresidis, J. C. Vardaxoglou. Performance of Metallodielectric EBG Structures with Periodic Loaded Elements. Proc. IEE Seminar on Metamaterials, for Microwave and (Sub)Millimetre Wave Applications. Nov 24, 2003; London, UK. 7/1–7/5p.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Microwave Engineering and Technologies