Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Influence of FEF (N550) Carbon Black on Rheological and Physico-mechanical Properties of SBR Vulcanizate for Tyre Application

A. Murugesan, K. Rajasekaran, M. Ramamoorthy, Vishal Johnson

Abstract


This study aims to investigate the synergistic effect of Fast extrusion furnace black on the rheological, surface morphological and physico-mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and specific gravity of styrene-butadiene synthetic rubber composite. SBR is an elastomer which is an important sort of synthetic rubber. It is a copolymer whose molecular structure primarily consists of organic compound styrene and butadiene chain. Fast extrusion furnace black and high abrasion furnace black are visco-elastic in nature. The rate of FEF load application and temperature has a great influence on its performance. Various fundamental properties of SBR/FEF composite and SBR/HAF composite rheological, surface morphological, curing characteristics such as TS2, Minimum and Maximum Torque, TC90 were evaluated. Also the SBR composite viscosity such as specific viscosity, relative viscosity and reduced viscosity also investigated significantly. The CB load of FEF and HAF were incorporated with SBR matrix and mixed in Two roll mill by varying the Phr level like 0, 10, 20 and 30 respectively. The use of SBR has played an active role in improving the viscoelastic properties of CB. The use of CB with SBR matrix changes the rheological behaviour of SBR composite and therefore it is used for making tyre compounds.Today rubbers are largely used in automotive Industries because of their excellent elastic properties. This is the obvious statement that synthetic rubber compounds are widely used in tires, belting, oil seals and various automotive components. The principal task of synthetic rubber compounding is concerned with securing an acceptable balance between the demands arising from the rubber industries according to three considerations namely final rubber compound properties particularly curing characteristics and physico-mechanical properties, price and processability. Natural rubber (NR) is known to possess lower curing characteristics such as TC90, TS5, TS2, Cure rate index (CRI), maximum torque (MH) due to the nervy nature and reversion behavior and also moderate mechanical properties such as tensile and tear strength, low abrasion resistance, high wear and tear due to the poor reinforcement of certain carbon blacks in two roll mill mixing. Due to these drawbacks, its applications are restricted to a greater extend. Therefore recently NR compounds are replaced by introducing the synthetic rubber compounds like SBR vulcanizate for certain specialty applications in automotive industries especially in tyre manufacturing industries. In order to solve these existence of poor curing characteristics and low physico-mechanical properties of NR compounds, the present research work is proposed.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Leblanc JL. Insight into elastomer-filler interactions and their role in the processing behavior of rubber compounds. Plast Rubber Proc Technol. 1994;10:110–29.

Leblanc JL, Evo C, Lionnet R. Composite design experiments to study the relationships between the mixing behaviour and the rheological properties of SBR compounds. Kautsch Gummi Kunstst. 1994;47:401–07.

Zhang A, Wang L, Zhou Y. A study on rheological properties of carbon black extended powdered SBR using a torque rheometer. Polym Test. 2003;22(2):133–41. doi: 10.1016/S0142–9418(02)00061–2.

Mandal UK, Aggarwal S. Studies on rubber–filler interaction in carboxylated nitrile rubber through microhardness measurement. Polym Test. 2001;20(3):305–11. doi: 10.1016/S0142–9418(00)00036–2.

Kim JH, Jeong HY. A study on the material properties and fatigue life of natural rubber with different carbon blacks. Int J Fatigue. 2005;27(3):263–72. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2004.07.002.

Ismail Hanafi, Anuar A. Palm oil fatty acid as an activator in carbon black filled natural rubber compounds: dynamic properties, curing characteristics. Polymer. 2013;47:5298–312.

Le HH, Ilisch S, Radusch H-J. Characterization of the effect of the filler dispersion on the Stress relaxation behavior of carbon black filled rubber composites. Polymer. 2009;50(10):2294–303. doi: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.02.051.

Botros SH. Preparation and characteristics of NR/EPDM rubber blends. Polym Plast Technol Eng. 2002;41(2):341–59. doi: 10.1081/PPT-120002572.

Nabil AN, Hundiwale DG, Kapadi UR. Effect of silane coupling agent on the mechanical properties of clay filled styrene butadiene rubber. Polym Plast Technol Eng. 2015;44:1159–1.

Chew MYL, Zhou X. Enhanced resistance of polyurethane sealants against cohesive failure under prolonged combination of water and heat. Polym Test. 2002;21(2):187–93. doi: 10.1016/S0142–9418(01)00068-X.

Masaaki K, Masatoshi T, Kouei N. Phase behavior of crosslinked polyisoprene rubber and supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids. 2015;35:175–81.

Gillen KT, Celina M, Bernstein R. Validation of improved methods for predicting long-term elastomeric seal lifetimes from compression stress–relaxation and oxygen consumption techniques. Polym Degrad Stab. 2003;82(1):25–35. doi: 10.1016/S0141–3910(03)00159–9.

Myhre M, MacKillop DA. Rubber recycling. Rubber Chem Technol. 2002;75(3):429–74. doi: 10.5254/1.3547678.

Garbin VJ. Neoprene, características, compostos e aplicações. Borracha Atual. 1998;45:16–29.

Ahmed K, Sirajuddin Nizami S, Zahid Raza N, Shirin K. Cure Characteristics, Mechanical and Swelling Properties of Marble Sludge Filled EPDM Modified Chloroprene Rubber Blends. Adv Mater Phys Chem. 2012;02(2):90–7. doi: 10.4236/ampc.2012.22016.

Dasgupta S, Agrawal SL, Bandyopadhyay S, Mukhopadhyay R, Malkani RK, Ameta SC. Eco-friendly processing oils: a new tool to achieve the improved mileage in tyre tread. Polym Test. 2009;28(3):251–63. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2008.12.006.

Suma N, Joseph R, George KE. Investigation of the Processability of NR/IIR and NR/EPDM Blends Using a Torque Rheometer. International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials. 1993;20(3–4):145–58. doi: 10.1080/00914039308048357.

Chen FL, Chen L, Lei CH. Study on the milling behavior of chloroprene rubber blends with ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber, polybutadiene rubber and natural rubber. Polym Compos. 2017;28:667–73.

Saha S. Rheological and morphological characteristics of polyvinylchloride/polychloroprene blends––effect of temperature and mixing speed. Eur Polym J. 2001;37(2):399–410. doi: 10.1016/S0014–3057(00)00019–7.

Fried JR. Polymer Science and Technology. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall; 1995.

Murugesan A, Gandhi S, Baskaran R, Rajkumar B. Effect of Nature of short fibres/carbon black on curing characteristics and physic mechanical properties of ethylene propylene diene rubber composite. J Polym Compos. 2016;4(2):1–11.

Murugesan A, Rajasekaran K, Anbarasan R, Fasil A. Investigation on Synergistic effect of Carbon Black on Flow properties of EPDM Composite. J Mod Chem Chem Technol. 2021;12(3):37–48.

Ismail H, Supri, Yusof AMM. Blend of waste poly(vinylchloride) (PVCw)/acrylonitrile butadiene-rubber (NBR): the effect of maleic anhydride (MAH). Polym Test. 2004;23(6):675–83. doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2004.01.008.

George KE. Blends and Alloys. London: Chapman & Hall; 1993.

Omran AM, Yousef AM, Ahmed MM, Bary EMA. Mechanical and oil resistance characteristics of rubber blends based on nitrile butadiene rubber. Kautchuk Gummi Kunstoffe. 2010;63(5):197–202.

Myntti MF. Comparing fuel and oil resistance properties. Rubber World. 2003:22838–41.

Kader MA, Bhowmick AK. Thermal ageing, degradation and swelling of acrylate rubber, fluororubber and their blends containing polyfunctional acrylates. Polym Degrad Stab. 2003;79(2):283–95. doi: 10.1016/S0141–3910(02)00292–6.

Das AK, Ghosh AK, Basu DK. Evaluation of physical and electrical properties of chloroprene rubber and natural rubber blends. Kgk-kautschuk Gummi. Kunststoffe. 2005;58:230–7.

Das A, Debnath SC, De D, Basu DK. Evaluation of physical properties and curing characteristics of silica-filled ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer in the presence of chloroprene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci. 2004;93(1):196–200. doi: 10.1002/app.20452.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.