Evolution of Protection Coordination Methods in Power Distribution Systems: A review

Abstract

This comprehensive paper presents a broad-ranging exploration of the multifaceted challenges inherent in coordinating over-current relays within distributed generation (DG) systems in the context of power grids. Within these systems, the pivotal roles of both protective devices and the overarching protection system are highlighted, emphasizing their joint responsibility in detecting short-circuit currents and swiftly isolating faulty components. The primary objective of this protection coordination is to ensure the meticulous selection and application of devices to contain and effectively resolve any potential faults that may arise. In the contemporary landscape of highly interconnected electricity systems, encountering abnormal operating conditions is a common occurrence. This reality has led to the development of a myriad of protection techniques meticulously designed to address the diverse and constantly evolving challenges faced in safeguarding these intricate systems. The research in question presents an in-depth examination of a wide spectrum of protection plans and coordination strategies. These strategies likely encompass a diverse array of methodologies, including fault location techniques, adaptive relaying schemes, communication-based protections, and potentially innovative approaches integrating artificial intelligence. The exhaustive analysis undertaken in this research serves to illuminate the intricate complexities involved in protecting distributed generation systems embedded within larger power networks. By critically reviewing and evaluating numerous protections plans and coordination strategies, this paper aims to significantly contribute to advancing our understanding of effectively managing and securing these intricate systems.