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Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of the Green Composites Reinforced Bamboo Optimized the Treated Parameters
Abstract
Concrete and steel are traditional building materials with high strength and stress. They are used
effectively in civil construction, structures of bridges and others. According to the current trend, the
construction materials have more attention for low density and high durability which produced from
natural materials; moreover, they are able to be recycled and reused. In this study, the green composites
were fabricated based on the highly performance epoxy combined with bamboo to get high flexural
strength. The bamboo was removed some cellulosic impurities by treatment via 2 stages: (1) in a mixture
of NaOH and Na2SO3; (2) H2O2 solution to enhance the compatibility among the matrix of epoxy and
reinforcing materials. The important parameters of the extraction process such as type of extract,
concentration of components and treatment time were investigated and selected. The bamboo samples
were analyzed for the microstructure using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The SEM images
showed that the treated bamboo fibres arranged in certain order with clear orientation. The
morphologies are completely different from the structure of the original bamboo material (without
treatment). The vibrations of chemical functional groups via Fourier modified infrared spectrum (FTIR)
showed that most the absorption intensity of peaks decreased significantly, especially at the
wavenumbers of 1734, 1492 and 1261 cm-1. The absorption intensity of lignin characteristics became
very small or disappeared. The above analytical results demonstrate an important change in the
structure and composition of bamboo by chemical treatment. In particular, the outstanding growth in
flexural and tensile strength of about 300–500% compared to the original bamboo raw material proves
the superiority of green composite materials. This shows the potential of using bamboo to gradually
replace steel in green building materials that not only use raw bamboo but must come from chemically
treated bamboo-reinforced composites.
Keywords
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