Electrical Vehicle Charging & Discharging Schemes: A Review

Abstract

Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are expected as one of the key solutions for mobility in the future, with reduced pollutions and better fuel economy alternative. Hence one of the primary requirements for the automobile manufacturers has to come up with alternative modern vehicle design technologies that could support reduced pollution and improved useful energy efficiency. With the year on year increase on the number of the light-duty vehicles on road, the effect of emissions polluting the environment is also proportionally increasing. Although the use of other modes of transport like the ships and flights are increasing, the road transport mode will still continue to be the prominent one. Basically, there are three main concerns in driving the conventional fossil fuel based vehicles that stimulates the automobile manufacturers to look for an alternative mode of vehicle technologies. They are pollution of the environment, vehicle dependency on fossil fuel, which is non-renewable and the global warming effect due to emissions. There are several research agencies which are working on improving road transport vehicle efficiency and reducing the emissions.

Energy demand in the transportation sector has shown considerable growth and relies mostly on fossil fuel. The air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions by the combustion of fossil fuels have given alarming concerns to researchers around the world. Among many alternatives, battery electric vehicles (BEV) and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) have more probability to eventually replace fossil fuel vehicles as no tailpipe emissions are produced. In this paper , past research work is analyzed and research gap is find-out.