Open Access
Subscription or Fee Access
Preparation and Properties of Blends of Thermoplastic Polymer with Thermoplastic Starch
Abstract
Problems in making biodegradable plastics are incompatible between hydrophilic/polar and hydrophobic/non-polar ingredients. Ingredients like compatibilizers were added to improve the compatibility between the two ingredients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of thermoplastic potato starch (TPS) content and two compatibilizers (maleic anhydride, MA, and dibutyl maleate, DM) on melt flow behavior, mechanical features (tensile, bending, and Izod impact test), phase morphology, thermal behaviors (DSC, and TGA/DTG), and biodegradability of LDPE/TPS composites. The morphological structure of biodegradable plastics is compatible and uniform with the marked spread of TPS in the polymer matrix. The compatibilizer can mediate between two components whose properties are different, namely LDPE (hydrophobic) and TPS (hydrophilic). Biodegradable plastics have been made more compatible, and homogeneous and have better mechanical properties using a compatibilizer. Compatibilizers can develop surface adhesion between LDPE and TPS mixtures. The presence of DM in LDPE/TPS composites gives rise to excellent dispersion of potato starch in the matrix and improved properties compared to other composites which indicate homogeneity. Mechanical test results show that as the amount of TPS increases, the tensile modulus, flexible strength and modulus of uncompatibilized composites begin to increase, but the tensile strength and impact strength gradually decrease. The addition of compatibilizers further enhances the mechanical properties of the composite. In addition, DSC, thermal stability, and biodegradability were performed for different LDPE/TPS composites. Besides, water absorption of LDPE/TPS composites was reduced through the addition of compatibilizers.
References
De Carvalho A, Curvelo A, et al. Wood pulp reinforced thermoplastic starch composites. International Journal of Polymeric Materials. 2002;51:647–660.
Duangdao A, Charoenkongthum K. Thermal properties and moisture absorption of LDPE/banana starch biocomposite films. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals. 2002;12:1–10.
Ramírez MGL, Satyanarayana KG, et al. Study of the properties of biocomposites. Part I. Cassava starch-green coir fibers from Brazil. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2011;86:1712–1722.
Garg S, Jana AK. Studies on the properties and characteristics of starch–LDPE blend films using cross-linked, glycerol modified, cross-linked and glycerol modified starch. European Polymer Journal. 2007;43:3976–3987.
Lin C-A, Tung C-C. The preparation of glycerol pseudo-thermoplastic starch (GTPS) via gelatinization and plasticization. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering. 2009;48:509–515.
Prachayawarakorn J, Sangnitidej P, et al. Properties of thermoplastic rice starch composites reinforced by cotton fiber or low-density polyethylene. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2010;81:425–433.
Zaman HU, Khan R. Preparation and Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene-Thermoplastic Sago Starch Blends with Enhanced Biodegradability. International Journal of Advanced Science and Engineering. 2021;8:2127.
Beg M, Kormin S, et al. Preparation and characterization of low‐density Polyethylene/Thermoplastic starch composites. Advances in Polymer Technology. 2016;35.
Beg MDH, Kormin S, et al. Environmentally degradable sago starch filled low-density polyethylene. Journal of Polymer Engineering. 2015;35:551–563.
Prachayawarakorn J, Hommanee L, et al. Property improvement of thermoplastic mung bean starch using cotton fiber and low‐density polyethylene. Starch‐Stärke. 2010;62:435–443.
Abdul Wahab MK, Ismail H, et al. Effects of dynamic vulcanization on the physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(natural rubber)/(thermoplastic tapioca starch) blends. Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology. 2012;18:192–197.
Zaman HU, Khan RA. Improving the Physico-mechanical and Degradable Properties of Thermoplastic Polymer with Modified Starch Blend Composites for Food packaging Applications. Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 2021;11:1–8.
Zaman HU, Beg MDH. Biodegradable Composites Manufactured from Low-Density Polyethylene and Thermoplastic Sago Starch: Preparation and Characterization. Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 2021;11:42–49.
Chandra R, Rustgi R. Biodegradation of maleated linear low-density polyethylene and starch blends. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 1997;56:185–202.
Rodriguez-Gonzalez F, Ramsay B, et al. High performance LDPE/thermoplastic starch blends: a sustainable alternative to pure polyethylene. Polymer. 2003;44:1517–1526.
Altayan MM, Al Darouich T. Toward reducing the food packaging waste impact: a study on the effect of Starch type and PE type in thermoplastic starch-polyethylene blends. Chemical Papers. 2022:1–11.
Moazzami Goudarzi Z, Behzad T, et al. Effect of hydrophobically modified extracted starch nanocrystal on the properties of LDPE/thermoplastic starch (TPS)/PE‐g‐MA nanocomposite. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2022;139:51490.
Zaman HU, Khan MA, et al. Physico-mechanical and degradation properties of banana fiber/LDPE composites: effect of acrylic monomer and starch. Composite Interfaces. 2011;18:685–700.
Ab Rahman M, Norfaizal N, et al. The Influence of Sago Starch Dispersion on Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Natural Rubber Latex Films. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2019;17:1040–1046.
González-López M, Robledo-Ortíz J, et al. Polylactic acid functionalization with maleic anhydride and its use as coupling agent in natural fiber biocomposites: a review. Composite Interfaces. 2018;25:515–538.
Ismail H, Nordin R, et al. Processability and Miscibility of Linear Low-density Polyethylene/Poly (vinyl alcohol) Blends: In Situ Compatibilization with Maleic Acid. Iranian Polymer Journal. 2010;19:297–308.
Obasi HC. Studies on Biodegradability and Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Corncob Flour Based Composites. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research. 2012;3:1–14.
Thakore I, Desai S, et al. Studies on biodegradability, morphology and thermo-mechanical properties of LDPE/modified starch blends. European Polymer Journal. 2001;37:151–160.
Shah PB, Bandopadhyay S, et al. Environmentally degradable starch filled low density polyethylene. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 1995;47:165–173.
Zaman HU, Beg MDH. Preparation, structure, and properties of the coir fiber/polypropylene composites. Journal of Composite Materials. 2013:0021998313508996.
ASTM Standard D 790-01, Standard Test Methods for Flexural of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials. 2002;8.
Mali S, Sakanaka LS, Yamashita F and Grossman MVE. Water Sorption and Mechanical Properties of Cassava Starch Films and Their Relation to Plastisizing Effect. Carbohydrate Polymer. 2005;60(3):283–289.
Sabetzadeh M, Bagheri R, et al. Study on ternary low density polyethylene/linear low density polyethylene/thermoplastic starch blend films. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2015;119:126–133.
Zaman HU, Beg MDH. Effect of Filler Starches on Mechanical, Thermal and Degradation Properties of Low-Density Polyethylene Composites. Progress in Applied Science and Technology. 2021;11:26–36.
Hwang K-J, Park J-W, et al. Effect of a compatibilizer on the microstructure and properties of partially biodegradable LDPE/aliphatic polyester/organoclay nanocomposites. Macromolecular Research. 2006;14:179-186.
Wang Z, Qu B, et al. Effects of PE-g-DBM as a compatiblizer on mechanical properties and crystallization behaviors of magnesium hydroxide-based LLDPE blends. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2002;76:123–128.
Nawang R, Danjaji I, et al. Mechanical properties of sago starch-filled linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) composites. Polymer Testing. 2001;20:167–172.
Morreale M, Scaffaro R, et al. Effect of adding wood flour to the physical properties of a biodegradable polymer. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing. 2008;39: 503–513.
Rahman WA, Aizan W, et al. Studies on biodegradability, morphology and mechanical properties of low density polyehtylene/sago based blends. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Natural Resources Engineering & Technology, 24-25th July 2006, Putrajaya, Malaysia,. 2006:434–444.
Pushpadass HA, Bhandari P, et al. Effects of LDPE and glycerol contents and compounding on the microstructure and properties of starch composite films. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2010;82:1082–1089.
Zaman HU, Beg DH. Influence of two novel compatibilizers on the properties of LDPE/organoclay nanocomposites. Journal of Polymer Engineering. 2014;34:75–83.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.