Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Effect of PWHT Cycle on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Weld

Amit R. Patel

Abstract


Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) is a process of reducing residual stresses and enhancing material properties of any material after welding. The process depends on many parameters like type of material, the thickness of material, PWHT temperature, soaking time, heating and cooling rate, etc. The Post Weld Heat Treatment process of material could effect on tensile strength, impact toughness, hardness, microstructure, etc. If the Process of PWHT is performed incorrectly or neglected altogether, Residual stresses in material combine with external loads which may exceed material’s design limit.

In present work, the effect of a different PWHT cycle is analyzed for ASTM A691 Gr. 1.25Cr alloy steel which is used for high temperature and high-pressure service in oil and gas industry. The regions corresponding to the weld metal and heat affected zone were studied. The specimens were tested for welding quality, microstructure, and mechanical properties after Post weld heat treatment at the different temperature and soaking time.


Keywords


PWHT, Material, Microstructure, 1.25Cr-0.5Mo.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Riyaz Ahmed S, Late Ajai Agarwal, Daniel BSS. Effect of Different Post Weld Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Cr-Mo Boiler Steel Welded with SMAW Process. Mater Today: Proc. 2015; 2(4–5): 1059–1066p.

Pimenta G, Bastain F. Effect of Long-Time Postweld Heat Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of a Carbon-Manganese Pressure Vessel Steel. J Mater Eng Perform. 2001; 10(2): 192–202p.

Smith C, Pistorius PGH, Wannenburg J. The Effect of a Long Post Weld Heat Treatment on the Integrity of a Welded Joint in a Pressure Vessel Steel. Int J Ves Piping. 1997; 70(3): 183–195p.

Wang G, Yan Z, Zhang H, et al. Improved Properties of Friction Stir-Welded AZ31 Magnesium Alloy by Post Weld Heat Treatment. Mater Sci Technol. 2016; 33(7): 1–10p.

Livia Carla, Luiz Claudio, et al. Evaluation of the Influence of Post Welding Heat Treatments on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of API 5L X70Q Weld Joints. Weld Int. 2017; 31(4): 251–258p.

Chung PC, Yoonjin Ham, Sanghoon Kim, et al. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment Cycles on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Electric Resistance Welded Pipe Welds. Mater Des. 2012; 34: 685–690p.

Vigantas Kumslytis, Algirdas Vaclovas Valiulis, et al. Effect of PWHT on the Mechanical Properties of P5 Steel Welded Joints. Solid State Phenomena. 2010; 165: 104–109p.

Siva Kumar D, Sinha PP, Prabhu N, et al. Influence of PWST on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Fusion Zone of Cobalt Free Maraging Steel Weld Mate. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2005; 10(2): 169–175p.

Thomas G, Ramachandra V, Nair MJ, et al. Effect of Pre-weld and Post weld Heat Treatment on the Properties of GTA Welds in Ti-6Al-4V Sheet. WRC Bulletin 364. Jun 1991; 15s–20sp.

Rasool Mohideen S, Ahmed Zaidi AM. Influence of PWHT on the HAZ of Low Alloy Steel Weldments. International Journal of Integrated Engineering (IJIE). 1991; 7–12p.

Asif Mahammed M, Kulkarni Anup, Sathiya P. A Comparative Analysis of Metallurgical and Mech. Prop. of Friction Welded and PWHT Duplex Stainless Steel. Materials at high Temperature. 2018; 35(4): 309–315p.

Lin YT, Vang DP, Wang MC, et al. Effect of Different Pre and Post WHT on Microstructure and Mech. Prop. of Variable Polarity TIG Welded AA2219 Joints. Sci Tech Weld Join. 2016; 21(3): 234–241p.

Silwal B, Li L, Deceuster A, et al. Effect of PWHT on Toughness of HAZ for Grade 91 Steel. Welding Research. 2012; 92: 80–87p.

Genichi Taniguchi, Ken Yamashita. Effects of PWHT Temp. on Mech. Prop. of Weld Metals for High Cr Ferritic Heat Resistance Steel. Kobelco Technology Review No. 32. 2013; 33–39p.

Venkateswara V, Madhusudhan Reddy G, Sitarama AV. Influence of PWHT on Microstructure and Mech. Prop. of GTA Maraging Steel Weld Mates. Mater Sci Technol. 2010; 26(12): 1459–1468p.

Rajasekhar A, Reddy GM, Mohandas T, et al. Influence of PWHT on Microstructure and Mech. Prop. of AISI 431 Martensitic Stainless Steel Friction Welded. Mater Sci Technol. 2008; 24(2): 201–212p.

Lee YJ, Lee IK, Kung MC, et al. Effect of PWHT on Microstructure and Mech. Properties of EBW Flow Formed Maraging Steel Weld Mate. Sci Technol Weld Join. 2007; 12(3): 266–274p.

Mitchell DRG, Moss CJ, Griffiths RR. Optimization of PWHT of a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Pressure Vessel for High Temperature Hydrogen Service. Int J Press Vess Pip. 1999; 76(4): 259–266p.

Junyu Zhang, Bo Huang, Qingsheng Wu, et al. Effect of Post-Weld Heat Treatment on the Mechanical Properties of CLAM/316L Dissimilar Joint. Fusion Eng Des. 2015; 100: 334–339p.

Madyira DM, Liebenberg JA, Kaymacki A. Comparative Characteristics of P91 and 10CrMo9-10 Creep Resistance Steel Welds. Procedia Manuf. 2017; 8: 345–352p.

Eissa Abd Elmaola A, Mosa ES, Moris MA, et al. Effect of PWHT and Filler Metals on Microstructure and Mech. Properties of GTAW and SMAW Weld between P11 and P91 Steel. IJSER. 2015; 6(4): 620–632p.

Umut Yasar Uzunali, Hamdullah Cuvalci. The Effect of PWHT on Mechanical Properties of Tampered Martensitic and High Strength Steel Welded. ASEM’15. Aug 25–29, 2015.

Ladislav Falat, Lucia Ciripova, Jan Kepic, et al. Correlation between Microstructure and Creep Performance of Martensitic/Austenitic Transition Weld Mate in Dependence of Its PWHT. Eng Fail Anal. 2014; 40: 141–152p.

Cho JR, Lee BY, Moon YH, et al. Investigation of Residual Stress and Post Weld Heat Treatment of Multi-Pass Welds by Finite Element Method and Experiments. J Mater Process Technol. 2004; 155–156: 1690–1695p.

Zhao MS, Chiew SP, Lee CK. Post Weld Heat Treatment for High Strength Steel Welded Connections. J Constr Steel Res. 2016; 122: 167–177p.

Paddea S, Francis JA, Paradowska AM. Residual Stress Distributions in a P91 Steel-Pipe Girth Weld Before and After PWHT. Mater Sci Eng A. 2012; 534: 663–667p.

Santosh Kumar, Kundu A, Venkata KA, et al. Residual Stress in Laser Welded ASTM A387 Grade 91 Steel Plates. Mater Sci Eng A. 2013; 575: 160–168p.

Bipin Kumar, Tewari SP, Jyoti Prakash. A Review on Effect of Pre-Heating and PWHT on Mechanical Behavior of Ferrous Metals. IJSER. 2010; 2(4): 625–631p.

Dean Deng, Kazuo Ogawa, Shoichi Kiyoshima, et al. Prediction of R.S. in Dissimilar Metal Welded Pipe with Considering Cladding, Buttering, and PWHT. Comput Mater Sci. 2009; 47(2): 398–408p.

Xu JJ, Chen LG, Ni CZ. Low Stress Welding Technology without PWHT. Material Sci Tech. 2009; 25(8): 976–980p.

Paradowska AM, Price JWH, Ibrahim R, et al. The Effect of Heat Input on Residual Stress Distribution of Steel Welds Measured by Neutron Diffraction. JAMME. 2006; 17(1–2): 285–289p.

Jae-il Jang, Dongil son, Yun-Hee Lee, et al. Assessing Welding Residual Stress in A335 P12 Steel Welds before and after Stress Relaxation Annealing through Instrumented Indentation Technique. Scripta Mater. 2003; 48(6): 743–748p.

Pingsha Dong, Shaopin Song, Jinmiao Zhang. Analysis of Residual Stress Relief Mechanism in PWHT. Int J Press Vess Pip. 2014; 122(1): 6–14p.

Asala G, Ojo OA. On PWHT Cracking in TIG Welded Super alloy ATI718 Plus Material. Results in Physics. 2016; 6: 196–198p.

Osoba LO, Khan AK, Adeosun SO. Cracking Susceptibility after Post Weld Heat Treatment in Haynes 282 Nickel Based Super Alloy. Acta Metall Sin Engl. 2013; 26(6): 747–753p.

Shimpei Fujibayashi. Creep Behavior and Rupture Life of the Simulated Inter-Critical HAZ for 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel under a Multiaxial Stresses State. ISIJ Int. 2007; 47(2): 333–339p.

Sidhu RK, Richards NL, Chaturvedi MC. PWHT Cracking in Autogenous GTA Welded Cast Inconel 738LC Super Alloy. Mater Sci Technol. 2007; 23(2): 203–214p.

Shimpei Fujibayashi. Creep Behavior Leading to Type IV Cracking for Service Exposed 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel Welds. Eng Fract Mech. 2007; 74(6): 932–946p.

Shimpei Fujibayashi. Grain Boundary Damage Evaluation and Rupture Life of Service Exposed 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel Welds. ISIJ Int. 2003; 43(12): 2054–2061p.

Rodriguez P, Ray SK, Bhaduri AK. Optimization of Post Weld Heat Treatment- A Simple Practice Method. Sadhana. 2003; 28(Part 3 & 4): 409–430p.

Shimpei Fujibayashi. Creep Behavior at the Inter-Critical HAZ of a 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel. ISIJ Int. 2002; 42(11): 1309–1317p.

Buchheim GM, Osage DA, Brown RG, et al. Failure Investigation of a Low Chrome

Effect of PWHT Cycle on Properties of 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Weld Amit R. Patel

JoEAM (2019) 7-16 © STM Journals 2019. All Rights Reserved Page 16

Long Seam Weld in a High-Temperature Refinery Piping System. ASME. 1995; 117: 227–237p.

Saxena A, Han J, Banerji K. Creep Crack Growth Behavior in Power Plant Boiler and Steam Pipe Steels. ASME. 1988; 110: 137–146p.

Thamburaj R, Wallace W. Post Weld Heat Treatment Cracking in Super Alloy. International Metals Reviews. 1983; 28(1): 1–22p.

Iman Aghaali, Mansour Farzam, Mohammad Ali Golozar, et al. The Effect of Repeated Repair Welding on Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of Stainless Steel 316L. Mater Des. 2014; 54: 331–341p.

Fuentes Alfonso R, Alcantara Nelson G. Analysis of Creep and Microstructure of PWHT Steam Piping Exposed to Service. Mater Sci Eng A. 2003; 371: 127–134p.

Kesav Prasad, Dwivedi DK. Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Submerged Arc Welded 1.25Cr-0.5Mo Steel Joint. Mater Manuf Process. 2008; 23(5): 463–468p.

Bhaduri AK, Gill TPS, Srinivasan G, et al. Optimized PWHT Procedures and Heat Input for Welding 17-4PH Stainless Steel. Sci Tech Weld Join. 1999; 4(5): 295–302p.

Cerjak H, Letofsky E. The Effect of Welding on Properties of Advanced 9-12% Cr Steels. Sci Tech Weld Science. 1996; 1(1): 36–42p.

Chandan Pandey, Mahapatra MM, Pradeep Kumar, et al. Microstructure and Mechanical Property Relationship for Different Heat Treatment and Hydrogen Level in Multi-Pass Welded P91 Steel Joint. J Manuf Process. 2017; 28(1): 220–234p.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.37591/joeam.v10i1.1636

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2019 Journal of Experimental & Applied Mechanics