Efficacy of Strain Wedge Method Against Traditional p-y Method for Analysis of Piles Subjected to Different Load and Soil Condition: A Review

Authors

  • Alpesh Pandya
  • Atul K. Desai

Abstract

Pile foundation plays a major role in design of structures as its lateral response dominates the design subjected to lateral loads. These loads acting on foundations may be sustained from traffic loading on a bridge pier or earth pressure in a retaining wall. As soil reaction and pile deflection affect each other for a lateral load, this becomes a very complex soil-structure interaction problem. There are many approaches or methods of analysis available for these kinds of problems. A few researchers have tried to give simple solutions also, but they are not very popular. Among the popular methods, p-y curve methods and its modification and strain wedge method are leading methods. A few cutting edges of strain wedge methods over p-y method are discussed here to show effectiveness of strain wedge method. Both methods have been discussed for different soil types and load conditions. Keywords: Analysis of piles, p-y curves, strain wedge method

References

Fleming WGK. A new method for single pile settlement prediction and analysis. Geotechnique.

; 42 (3): 411–425.

Pandya A, Desai AK. An observation of methods of pile analysis subjected to different load and soil

conditions. In: Patel S, Solanki CH, Reddy KR, Shukla SK, editors. Proceedings of the Indian

Geotechnical Conference IGC-2019. Volume II. . New York, NY, USA: Springer; 2019. pp. 683–704.

Matlock H, Reese LC. Generalized solution for laterally loaded piles. J Soil Mech Found Div

ASCE. 1961; 86 (SM5): pp. 673–694.

Basu D, Salgado R, Prezzi M. A continuum-based model for analysis of laterally loaded piles in

layered soils. Geotechnique. 2009; 59 (2): 127–140.

Yang M, Ge B, Li W, Zhu B. Dimension effect on p-y model used for design of laterally loaded

piles. Procedia Eng. 2016; 143: 598–606.

Ashour M, Norris G, Sherif E. Analysis of laterally loaded long or intermediate drilled shafts of

small or large diameter in layered soil. Final report prepared for Department of Transportation,

State of California, USA; 2004.

Norris GM. Theoretically based BEF laterally loaded pile analysis. In: Third International

Conference on Numerical Methods in Offshore Piling, Nantes. France, 1986. pp. 361–386.

Abdrabbo FM, Gaaver KE. Simplified analysis of laterally loaded pile groups. Alexandria Eng J.

; 51 (2): 121–127.

Ashour M, Norris G, Pilling P. Lateral loading of a pile in layered soil using the strain wedge model.

J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 1998; 124 (4): 303–315.

Choo YW, Kim D. Experimental development of the p-y relationship for large-diameter offshore

monopiles in sands: centrifuge tests. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 2015; 142 (1): 04015058.

Reese LC. Documentation of the Computer Program LPILE1. Austin, TX, USA: Ensoft Inc;

Higgins W, Martindale H, Chakraborty T, Basu D. Assessment of the PY method for laterally

loaded pile in sand. In: Indian Geotechnical Conference, Mumbai, India, December 16–18, 2010.

pp. 833–836.

Meyer BJ, Reese LC. Analysis of single piles under lateral loading (No. FHWA-TX-79-38+ 244-1

Intrm Rpt.). Austin, TX, USA: Center for Highway Research, University of Texas at Austin; 1979.

Emadsaid S, Fayed AL, El Mossalam Y. Int J EngTechnol. 2020; 9 (4): 805–822.

Laouedj A, Bouafia A. P-Y curves for single pile in sand from standard penetration test (SPT). J

Mater Eng Struct. 2021; 8 (1): 159–172.

Seed HB, Reese LC. The action of soft clay along friction piles. Trans ASCE. 1957; 122: 731–764.

Ashour M, Pillin P, Norris G, Perez H. Development of strain wedge model program for pile group

interference and pile cap contribution effects. CCEER, Report No. 96-4. Reno, NV, USA: Civil

Engineering Department, University of Nevada, Reno; 1996.

Hajialilue-Bonab M, Sojoudi Y, Puppala AJ. Study of strain wedge parameters for laterally loaded

piles. Int J Geomech. 2011; 13 (2): 143–152.

Rollins KM, Peterson KT, Weaver TJ. Lateral load behavior of full-scale pile group in clay. J

Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 1998; 124 (6): 468–478.

Ashour M, Norris G, Sherif E. Analysis of laterally loaded long or intermediate drilled shafts of

small or large diameter in layered soil. Final report prepared for Department of Transportation,

State of California; 2004.

Gowda P. Laterally Loaded Pile Analysis for Layered Soil Based on the Strain Wedge Model. MS

Thesis. Reno, NV, USA: University of Nevada, Reno; 1991.

Abbasi H, Binesh SM, Lashkari A. Using a state dependent constitutive model in strain wedge

method for laterally loaded piles in sand. Soils Foundations. 2019; 59 (2): 271–283.

Kuroda M. Plain strain wedge indention revisited. Proc R Soc A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2022; 478

(2262): 20220204. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0204. (2022)

Hemel MJ, Korff M, Peters DJ. Analytical model for laterally loaded pile groups in layered sloping

soil. Marine Struct. 2022; 84: 103229. doi: 10.1016/j.marstrne.2022.103229.

Zhang C, Yu J, Huang M. Winkler load-transfer analysis for laterally loaded piles. Can Geotech J.

; 53 (7): 1110–1124.

Downloads

Published

2023-09-19

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 2 (2023)

Section

Review Article

License

Declaration and Copyright Transfer Form

(to be completed by authors)

I/ We, the undersigned author(s) of the submitted manuscript, hereby declare, that the above manuscript which is submitted for publication in the STM Journals(s), is not published already in part or whole (except in the form of abstract) in any journal or magazine for private or public circulation, and, is not under consideration of publication elsewhere.

  • I/We will not withdraw the manuscript after 1 week of submission as I have read the Author Guidelines and will adhere to the guidelines.
  • I/We Author(s ) have niether given nor will give this manuscript elsewhere for publishing after submitting in STM Journal(s).
  • I/ We have read the original version of the manuscript and am/ are responsible for the thought contents embodied in it. The work dealt in the manuscript is my/ our own, and my/ our individual contribution to this work is significant enough to qualify for authorship.
  •  I/We also agree to the authorship of the article in the following order:

Author’s name                                    

 

1. ________________

2. ________________

3. ________________

4. ________________

 

We  Author(s) tick this box and would request you to consider it as our signature as we agree to the terms of this Copyright Notice, which will apply to this submission if and when it is published by this journal.