Survey on Fractal Microstrip Antenna for Multiband 5G Application

Abstract

In the paper, a two-iteration fractal structure antenna—based on the advantages of fractal geometry and incorporating the principles of conventional microstrip antenna design and resonant coupling technique—is studied for third generation (3G), fourth generation (4G), fifth generation (5G), WLAN, and Bluetooth wireless applications. Antenna radiators were shown to have a fractal structure, much like a tree in the wild. The length of the radiator in a limited space can be increased using the spatial filling of the fractal geometry for antennas to boost the effectiveness of emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves. In terms of dimensions, gain, return loss, polarisation, bandwidth, directivity, and polarisation, the antenna will perform better than alternative designs. A revolutionary approach to microstrip antenna design, fractal geometry provides a way around conventional constraints and ushers in a new era of small, high-performing antennas.