Production and Characterization of Essential oil using the Solvent Extraction Method from Brassica nigra seeds

Abstract

The purpose of this study is the Production, Optimization and Characterization of oil from Brassica nigra seeds using the Solvent Extraction Method. The result shows no difference from the seed oil extract from the mustard plants which grows in other parts of the world. This is to create awareness to utilize the Brassica nigra seed locally grown, as a potential source of edible oil for health benefit, such as additives of salad, special cooking oil and other industrial applications. This work, therefore, focused on the extraction and characterization of seed oil from Brassica nigra seed using a solvent extraction method, evaluation of optimal conditions for oil extraction from Brassica nigra seed, and testing the based on the maximum Oil yield properties of extracting seed oil. A Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM) was used to examine the bestcircumstancesto solvent ratio (0.08, 0.1, 0.12 g/ml), extraction temperature (65, 70, 75ºC), and extraction time (2, 4, 6 h). Selected seed oil properties (specific gravity, viscosity, density, Saponification Value, Acid Value, Iodine Value, Peroxide Value and refractive index) of the extracted oil were determined based on maximum experimental results. The best oil yield was satisfactory and the optimum oil yield 46.205% was obtained at the seed to solvent ratio, extraction temperature, and extraction time of 0.12 g/ml, 70ºC, and 2 h, respectively. The viscosity at 21ºC, specific gravity at 20^oC, density, Saponification Value, Acid Value, Iodine Value, Peroxide Value, and refractive index of the extracted oil were 9.16*10^^-6 m²/s, 0.89346, 0.8891g/cm³, 172.788 mgKOH/gm, 2.992 ,95.26,2.14 and 1.45504, respectively. Thus, the result from this thesis work has established the optimal conditions for solvent extraction of oil from Brassica nigra seed. From physicochemical properties of the seed oil show that it is potentially suitable to produce liquid soap, confectioneries, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, food supplements, varnish, shampoos, oil paints.