Quality of Surface and Ground Water Around Machenahalli Indutrial Estate Between Bhadravathi and Shimoga Cities, Karnataka, India

Abstract

This study is done to analyse the physic-chemical properties of surface and ground water around Machenahalli industrial area. About seven surface water and nine ground water samples were collected and analysed for physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC (Electrical conductivity), Ca, TH, Mg, Na, K2O, SO4, CO3, HCO3 Cl and TDS (Total dissolve solid). And these results were compared with the drinking water standards of ISI (2003) and WHO (2004).For the obtained data the irrigation suitability tests like sodium percentage (%Na), Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Kellye’s ratio (KR) and corrosivity ratio (CR) are calculated. From the above results, it is concluded as physico-chemical parameters in both ground and surface waters when compared with ISI drinking water standards (2003) and WHO (2004) TDS and Cl concentrations in both surface and ground water and Ca and Mg content in only ground water samples were exceeded the maximum-permissible limit and the remaining physico-chemical parameters are well within the prescribed limits. Similarly the results obtained from irrigation suitability tests indicate that all the parameters in both surface and ground water samples show within the maximum permissible limits except RSC values which shows more in all the samples and CR, values in six sample of surface water samples in ground water and therefore, except few most of the water samples in the study area are unsuitable for irrigation purpose. By studying the above results it is observed that the quality of water in the study area has been affected by toxicity as a result of municipal dump site and industrial activity. Finally, some of the suggestions and applications are given for their better management.