Application of Smart Material Technology: A Review

Abstract

These days, smart materials are employed in every aspect of technology and human life. Much work is being done to explore their potential in different engineering applications that could benefit the average person. Shape memory alloys, piezoelectric materials, magneto rheological materials (MR), and electro rheological materials (ER) are just a few examples of the many diverse kinds of smart materials. The electric supply can be adjusted to change the viscosity of both ER and MR fluids, and the electric field's strength can be adjusted to change the particle alignment between the electrodes. These smart materials are being used for the first time in a variety of applications by the automotive and aerospace industries. These papers emphasize the use of smart materials. This paper presents the use of smart materials and structures for the development of smart cities. This paper also addresses future challenges for the development of smart cities from the standpoint of new developments in the material sciences. Additionally, the various forms of smart materials and their uses are highlighted in this paper. These include magneto strictive materials, electro-rheological materials, shape memory alloys (SMA), thermos responsive materials, electro-chromic materials, and electro-rheological fluids.